Cardloan Teikinri

Hatton National Bank PLC (HNB) has reached a major milestone in procurement excellence. The bank’s Procurement Functions have earned the ISO 9001:2015 certification from Bureau Veritas. This recognition highlights HNB’s dedication to top-notch quality management.

The certification covers HNB’s IT, Stationery, and General Procurement processes. It shows the bank’s focus on improving operations and supplier relationships. This achievement makes HNB a leader in the financial sector.

HNB continues to prioritize efficiency and service excellence. The bank operates through 254 customer centers across Sri Lanka.

HNB Procurement Function Earns Prestigious ISO 9001:2015 Certification

Hatton National Bank’s (HNB) Procurement Function has achieved ISO 9001:2015 certification. This milestone showcases HNB’s dedication to top-quality and efficient procurement processes. The certification proves HNB’s commitment to excellence in banking operations.

Benchmark of Excellence in Procurement Processes

ISO 9001:2015 is a global standard for quality management systems. HNB’s certification shows its use of international best practices in procurement. This achievement sets a new bar for excellence in the banking industry.

The bank’s dedication to ongoing improvement in procurement is clear. HNB continues to lead the way in banking innovation and efficiency.

Certification Awarded by Bureau Veritas

Bureau Veritas, a global certification body, awarded HNB the ISO 9001:2015 certification. They performed a thorough review of HNB’s procurement processes. The bank met the strict ISO 9001:2015 standard requirements.

This success shows HNB’s focus on quality, risk management, and compliance. The bank ensures top-notch performance in all procurement functions.

Covers IT Procurement, Stationery Procurement, and General Procurement

The certification applies to HNB’s IT, Stationery, and General Procurement processes. This wide coverage ensures high standards across all procurement operations. HNB aligns its practices with global benchmarks for better efficiency.

By improving these processes, HNB boosts its ability to serve customers. The bank continues to provide superior value to all stakeholders.

Commitment to Service Quality and Operational Excellence

HNB’s procurement function has earned the ISO 9001:2015 certification. This achievement highlights their dedication to efficient processes. It also shows their commitment to service quality across procurement operations.

ISO 9001:2015 Certification Reinforces Dedication to Efficient and Standardized Processes

HNB aligns its procurement with ISO 9001:2015 international benchmarks. This ensures high standards of operational efficiency. The certification involved thorough reviews and documentation of processes.

HNB fosters a culture of continuous improvement. They strive for excellence in all aspects of procurement.

Aligns Operations with Rigorous International Benchmarks

The ISO 9001:2015 certification ensures HNB follows global best practices. This guarantees consistency and reliability in procurement processes. HNB shows its commitment to superior service quality through this certification.

Enhances Customer Satisfaction through Robust Quality Management Systems

HNB implements strong quality management systems with ISO 9001:2015. These systems help meet and exceed customer expectations consistently. This approach enhances satisfaction and builds long-term relationships with stakeholders.

HNB prioritizes service reliability and consistency. This positions them as a trusted partner in the financial industry.

Benefits of ISO 9001:2015 Certification for HNB and Stakeholders

HNB’s Procurement Function has earned ISO 9001:2015 certification. This achievement brings many benefits to the bank and its stakeholders. It shows HNB’s dedication to efficient, transparent, and customer-focused procurement processes.

Strengthens Internal Processes and Compliance

The certification bolsters HNB’s internal processes. It ensures all procurement activities follow clear procedures and guidelines. This enhancement improves compliance with regulations and reduces non-conformity risks.

HNB can maintain consistent and reliable procurement operations. This is achieved through robust quality management systems.

Enhances Risk Management and Service Reliability

ISO 9001:2015 certification boosts risk management in HNB’s procurement. The bank can ensure reliable supply chain management by identifying and reducing potential risks.

This proactive approach builds stakeholder confidence. They can trust HNB to deliver products and services without interruptions.

Affirms Position as a Customer-Centric Financial Institution

The certification confirms HNB as a progressive, customer-focused financial institution. It shows HNB’s commitment to high-quality, efficient procurement processes.

This achievement proves HNB’s dedication to ongoing improvement. It also demonstrates the bank’s ability to exceed industry standards in service quality and customer satisfaction.

Leading Sri Lankan musicians have united for a peace concert celebrating diversity. This event showcases music’s power to unite people. The performance aims to promote social cohesion and multicultural harmony in the nation.

The concert features artists from various musical backgrounds. It includes traditional Sri Lankan folk music, classical styles, and contemporary genres. This lineup highlights Sri Lanka’s rich cultural tapestry and the importance of embracing diversity.

A special collaboration is one of the concert’s highlights. Renowned musician Sanka Dineth teams up with artists from India and Pakistan. They’ve composed a trilingual song in Sinhala, Tamil, and Hindi.

This song symbolizes music’s ability to transcend barriers. It promotes peace initiatives across borders. The concert showcases Sri Lankan musicians’ talent and serves as a platform for unity.

The event brings together artists from different communities. It celebrates a shared love for music and its ability to bridge divides. This concert contributes to building a more harmonious society in Sri Lanka.

Interfaith Music Initiatives Foster Harmony

Musicians and faith leaders unite to promote healing after Sri Lanka’s Easter bombings. They use interfaith music to bridge divides between communities. These initiatives aim to foster unity in the face of adversity.

Muslim Choral Ensemble Brings Together Diverse Faiths

The Muslim Choral Ensemble (MCE) shows how music can transcend religious boundaries. Founded by Haadia Galely and Prof. Andre de Quadros, it unites youth from various Muslim sects. MCE showcases the beauty of Islamic devotional music.

The ensemble has also welcomed Christian and Buddhist choristers. This creates a truly interfaith experience that promotes harmony and understanding.

Voices for Peace Concert Series Promotes Healing and Understanding

The Voices for Peace concert series uses music to promote healing. It features diverse faith-based choral ensembles. The series brings people together after the Easter bombings.

Through shared musical experiences, audiences find common ground. This helps build bridges between communities.

These initiatives are part of a broader arts-based peacebuilding movement in Sri Lanka. They showcase the country’s rich cultural heritage. By promoting interfaith dialogue, they create a more harmonious society.

As Sri Lanka heals from past wounds, music plays a vital role. It fosters unity and understanding among diverse communities.

Virtual Platforms Enable Cross-Cultural Collaborations

Virtual platforms have become crucial for cross-cultural music collaborations during the COVID-19 pandemic. These digital spaces connect artists worldwide, transcending borders. They showcase the unifying power of music through virtual platforms.

Guitar Fest Sri Lanka 2020 Unites Local and International Artists

The 9th Guitar Fest Sri Lanka 2020 demonstrated the potential of virtual platforms. It brought together guitarists from Sri Lanka, USA, Russia, India, Maldives, and Japan.

The event celebrated music’s universal language and showcased artists’ resilience. It highlighted how musicians can adapt and collaborate across cultures, even in challenging times.

Online Concerts Provide Access to Global Audiences

Online concerts have changed how people experience music. Fans worldwide can now enjoy performances from home with just a click.

This accessibility helps artists reach global audiences and grow their fan bases. It also creates a sense of international community among music lovers.

Lesser-known artists now have a platform to showcase their talent. This promotes diversity and inclusivity in the music industry.

Music Serves as a Bridge for Social Cohesion and Nation-Building

Sri Lanka’s music is a powerful tool for social cohesion. Its diverse landscape offers a rich tapestry of musical traditions. Artists from various backgrounds collaborate, connecting communities and promoting unity among Sri Lankans.

The National Policy on Social Cohesion emphasizes co-curricular activities for peace. Music initiatives align with this policy, bringing people together. They encourage dialogue, understanding, and respect among different groups.

Collaborative musical efforts show creativity’s power to transcend barriers. Artists demonstrate how music can build a more cohesive society. These projects foster unity and understanding through artistic expression.

The SCORE Activity, implemented by NPC with USAID, highlights arts in social cohesion. It empowered community groups across 10 districts in Sri Lanka. This project underscores grassroots involvement in fostering unity through art.

Collaborative Performances Showcase Rich Cultural Heritage

Joint musical performances contribute to social cohesion and showcase Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage. The country’s music scene reflects its people’s diversity. Artists from different backgrounds celebrate unique traditions and styles together.

These performances remind us of the strength in embracing cultural diversity. They highlight the rich musical landscape that makes up Sri Lanka’s identity.

The poultry industry has also supported Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage. It achieved self-sufficiency in chicken meat and egg production. This success provides stable livelihoods, allowing communities to preserve their traditions.

Music remains a unifying force in Sri Lanka’s journey to peace. Collaborative performances celebrate the nation’s rich culture. Artists and audiences contribute to social cohesion through music.

Through music, Sri Lankans can heal past wounds. They build a harmonious future for generations to come. Music’s power brings people together in lasting peace and prosperity.

Sri Lanka’s literary scene thrives through yearly festivals celebrating the nation’s rich writing traditions. These showcase local talent in Sinhala, Tamil, and English literature. The festivals provide a platform for established and emerging writers to share their works.

The Fairway Galle Literary Festival stands out, held annually in the historic Dutch Galle Fort. Its 2018 edition featured over 110 events, including film appreciation, poetry readings, and gourmet dinners. The festival also recognized outstanding local talent through the Fairway National Literary Awards.

Attendees can engage with renowned international authors at these events. Lord David Puttnam, a British film producer with numerous accolades, has participated. Alexander McCall Smith, author of over 100 books, and Richard Flanagan, a Man Booker Prize winner, have also attended.

These festivals promote and preserve Sri Lanka’s literary heritage. They encourage the growth of Sinhala, Tamil, and English literature. The events nurture emerging writers and poets, celebrating the power of storytelling.

events foster appreciation for the art of language. They provide diverse programs catering to various interests. Multiple concurrent sessions and book launches take place throughout these literary gatherings.

Galle Literary Festival: A Premiere International Event

Since 2007, the Galle Literary Festival has become South Asia’s most anticipated literary event. It unites acclaimed authors in an intimate setting. The festival fosters engaging discussions, writing workshops, and cultural experiences.

The festival offers diverse activities for book lovers. These include panel discussions, poetry readings, and literary lunches. It takes place in Galle Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Showcasing Sri Lankan and International Authors

The festival has featured over 70 events and hosted numerous writers. More than 40 international and 50 Sri Lankan authors have participated. This lineup showcases both local and global literary talent.

Diverse Program of Literary Events and Cultural Experiences

Attendees can enjoy a wide array of literary and cultural activities. These include thought-provoking panel discussions and intimate writing workshops. Enchanting poetry readings and delightful literary lunches are also part of the program.

Set in the Historic Galle Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

The festival’s location in Galle Fort adds to its charm. The fort’s colonial architecture provides a magical backdrop. This setting creates an inspiring and unforgettable atmosphere.

Harper’s Bazaar Magazine UK named it the “No.1 Literary Festival in the world” in 2011. After a three-year break, it returned spectacularly in 2016. This comeback reaffirmed its status as a premier literary event.

Other Notable Literary Festivals in Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka boasts a vibrant literary scene beyond the Galle Literary Festival. Several events showcase the island’s rich literary heritage. These festivals celebrate Sinhala, Tamil, and English literature, giving writers platforms to share their works.

The Jaffna Poetry Festival highlights Tamil poets’ resilience and creativity. It unites poets from Sri Lanka and the diaspora, promoting cultural exchange. Attendees enjoy poetry readings, workshops, and discussions on Tamil literature.

Colombo International Book Fair

The Colombo International Book Fair is a key event in Sri Lanka’s literary calendar. It draws publishers, authors, and book lovers from across the country. Visitors can explore books, attend launches, and join literary discussions.

The fair promotes reading culture and supports the local publishing industry. It serves as a platform for literary enthusiasts to connect and share ideas.

Smaller literary events occur throughout the year. The Kandy Writers’ Collective unites writers from central Sri Lanka. The Kilinochchi Book Fair and Batticaloa Writers’ Forum celebrate literature in northern and eastern provinces.

These events offer writers chances to network, collaborate, and share their works. They provide platforms for both established and emerging authors to connect with readers.

Sri Lanka’s literary festivals showcase talent and boost the economy. The Galle Literary Festival drew thousands to the south coast in 2024. It provided a significant economic boost for Galle and Sri Lanka.

The Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) reported positive economic indicators. Sri Lanka’s stock market became Asia’s second-best performing equity market as of October 25, 2024. It showed a 29.65% year-to-date return in USD terms.

Annasi and Kadalagotu Literary Festival

The Annasi and Kadalagotu Literary Festival celebrates both Sinhala and Tamil literature. It aims to foster cultural exchange between the two communities. The event highlights Sri Lanka’s shared literary heritage.

Attendees can enjoy poetry readings, book launches, and panel discussions. Authors from both languages participate, promoting understanding and appreciation of diverse literary traditions.

Literary Festivals Celebrate Sri Lankan Writing and Poetry

Sri Lanka’s literary festivals showcase the nation’s rich heritage. They celebrate established and emerging writers in Sinhala, Tamil, and English. These events promote new voices and preserve Sri Lanka’s cultural legacy.

The Galle Literary Festival, started in 2005, is a top international event. It attracts renowned authors and intellectuals worldwide. The festival offers author talks, panel discussions, book launches, and workshops.

In 2024, the 11th edition will feature international authors. It will explore themes in fiction, non-fiction, and poetry. The event engages readers of all ages and interests.

Other notable festivals include the Jaffna Literary Festival and Colombo International Book Fair. These events showcase emerging writers through poetry slams and competitions. They help grow and preserve Sri Lankan literature.

Preserving Sri Lanka’s Cultural Legacy

These festivals celebrate writing and preserve Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage. They promote works in Sinhala, Tamil, and English. This highlights the diversity of Sri Lankan literature.

The events foster cultural exchange and community engagement. They nurture a love for the arts. This ensures Sri Lanka’s literary traditions thrive for future generations.

Conclusion

Sri Lanka’s annual literary festivals are vital to its literary community. They celebrate writing and poetry in Sinhala, Tamil, and English. These events showcase authors’ works and foster intellectual exchange.

The Galle Literary Festival and others draw global participants. Writers, poets, and literary fans come together at these events. They offer diverse programs like book readings, panel discussions, and workshops.

These festivals preserve and promote Sri Lanka’s literary heritage. They encourage new talent and inspire love for literature in younger generations. The events bring authors and readers together, celebrating the power of words.

Literary festivals strengthen Sri Lanka’s position in South Asian literature. They showcase the country’s rich cultural traditions and artistic expression. These events continue to grow in popularity and scope.

Sri Lanka’s ISF and Indonesia’s NICO COCO have formed a strategic partnership. They signed a Memorandum of Understanding at the INASCA Business Forum in Jakarta. This collaboration aims to advance technology and develop value chains in coconut processing.

ISF offers innovative solutions for coconut and dairy processing companies. They focus on reducing costs through improved productivity and automation. Their AI-powered solutions enable real-time management information and cost savings.

NICO COCO, part of an Indonesian conglomerate, will benefit from this partnership. ISF will design modern coconut processing plants for them. This collaboration is expected to boost NICO COCO’s production capacity and efficiency.

The partnership aims to reshape Indonesia’s coconut processing industry. ISF plans to become a leading solutions provider in Southeast Asia. Their combined expertise will drive innovation in the sector.

This agribusiness partnership holds great potential for both companies. It’s set to improve value chain development and set new industry standards. The collaboration will benefit the entire coconut processing industry in the region.

ISF and NICO COCO Sign Groundbreaking MoU for Coconut Processing

Sri Lanka’s ISF and Indonesia’s PT. Natural Indococonut Organik (NICO COCO) have signed a pivotal agreement. The MoU, signed on October 7, 2024, aims to transform coconut processing in Indonesia. ISF will bring its expertise to design cutting-edge facilities for NICO COCO.

ISF is a leading engineering solution provider for coconut and dairy processing in Sri Lanka. Their experience will be crucial in the Indonesian market. The collaboration will focus on designing advanced coconut processing plants.

These plants will incorporate sustainable farming practices and modern technologies. The goal is to optimize production of high-quality tropical crops for export opportunities.

Leading Sri Lankan Company to Design State-of-the-Art Facilities for Indonesian Manufacturer

This partnership is a major milestone in the coconut industry. It combines ISF’s expertise with NICO COCO’s manufacturing prowess. ISF will design custom facilities to boost efficiency, quality, and sustainability in Indonesia’s coconut processing.

Partnership Witnessed by Indonesian Ambassador to Sri Lanka Dewi Gustina Tobing

Indonesian Ambassador to Sri Lanka, Dewi Gustina Tobing, witnessed the MoU signing. Her presence highlights the partnership’s importance for both countries. This collaboration is set to create new opportunities in the coconut industry.

It’s expected to strengthen trade, investment, and knowledge exchange between Sri Lanka and Indonesia. The partnership marks a new chapter in bilateral relations within the coconut sector.

Sri Lanka’s ISF Brings Expertise to Indonesia’s NICO COCO Coconut Processing

ISF, a Sri Lankan company, is set to transform Indonesia’s coconut processing sector. They’ve partnered with PT. Natural Indococonut Organik (NICO COCO). The companies signed an MOU at the INASCA Business Forum in Jakarta.

ISF has nearly five decades of experience in coconut and dairy processing. They provide end-to-end engineering solutions for these industries. This partnership marks a significant milestone in the Southeast Asian market.

ISF’s Expertise in End-to-End Engineering Solutions for Coconut and Dairy Industries

ISF is committed to reducing manufacturing costs through improved productivity. They focus on automation and energy-efficient solutions. This makes ISF a vital partner for NICO COCO’s success.

The company has extensive knowledge in designing modern coconut processing plants. ISF is ready to bring this expertise to the Indonesian market. Their involvement is expected to reshape the industry landscape.

NICO COCO to Benefit from ISF’s Automated Process Solutions with AI Technology

NICO COCO is part of a major Indonesian conglomerate. They recognize ISF Industries as a leading solutions provider for coconut processing. ISF’s automated process solutions incorporate cutting-edge AI technology.

This partnership will give NICO COCO access to real-time management information. It will also provide cost-saving measures. These benefits will help NICO COCO optimize operations and stay competitive.

Collaboration to Strengthen ISF’s Presence in Southeast Asian Market

The ISF-NICO COCO partnership is a strategic move for ISF. It helps them expand their presence in Southeast Asia. ISF will showcase its innovative, tailored solutions to a leading Indonesian manufacturer.

This collaboration positions ISF to attract more opportunities in the region. It solidifies their role as a trusted partner in the coconut processing industry.

Mutual Benefits and Future Prospects of ISF-NICO COCO Partnership

ISF Industries and NICO COCO’s partnership promises a bright future for Indonesia’s coconut industry. This collaboration combines ISF’s technology with NICO COCO’s market presence. It aims to boost economic growth and empower rural communities.

NICO COCO’s operations will be modernized and expanded. This will increase productivity and create new opportunities for local communities. The partnership sets the stage for significant advancements in the sector.

ISF Director Anjula Sivakumaran is excited about the company’s role in Indonesia. They aim to be a leading solutions provider for coconut processing. This partnership is a key step in ISF’s global expansion strategy.

ISF plans to showcase their innovative solutions in Southeast Asia. By working with NICO COCO, they hope to benefit the entire value chain. Their goal is to make a positive impact beyond just the two companies.

This partnership is a major milestone for Indonesia’s coconut industry. It brings together two key players committed to progress and growth. The collaboration is expected to generate new opportunities and foster innovation.

ISF and NICO COCO aim to strengthen the sector’s competitiveness. Their shared vision focuses on mutual benefits and long-term impact. This partnership sets an example for cross-border cooperation in the region.

Sri Lanka’s ISF has signed a deal with Indonesia’s NICO COCO to design coconut processing plants. This partnership aims to transform the coconut industry in the region. The agreement was sealed through a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU).

ISF is known for its end-to-end engineering solutions in coconut and dairy processing. They bring nearly 50 years of experience to the table. Their innovative approach includes AI and real-time management systems.

These technologies are expected to boost NICO COCO’s production and efficiency. The partnership showcases ISF’s expertise in the field.

The signing took place at the INASCA Business Forum in Jakarta on October 7th. This event marks a major milestone for both companies. NICO COCO, Indonesia’s top coconut products maker, will gain from ISF’s advanced technology.

This teamwork is set to advance the coconut processing industry in Indonesia and beyond. It highlights the potential for international cooperation in agribusiness. The partnership paves the way for future growth and innovation in the sector.

ISF and NICO COCO Sign Landmark Agreement

ISF Industries and NICO COCO Indonesia have inked a game-changing deal for the coconut processing industry. The signing took place at the INASCA Business Forum in Jakarta. This partnership marks a new era of collaboration between these industry giants.

ISF’s Expertise in Coconut Processing Technology

ISF Industries boasts nearly 50 years of industry experience. They excel in designing and manufacturing cutting-edge processing equipment. Their unmatched expertise focuses on reducing costs through improved productivity and energy-efficient solutions.

NICO COCO’s Position as Indonesia’s Leading Coconut Products Manufacturer

NICO COCO Indonesia leads the country in coconut product manufacturing. They see ISF Industries as a key partner for modernization and expansion. This collaboration represents significant potential for growth and innovation in the sector.

Signing Ceremony at INASCA Business Forum in Jakarta

The Indonesian Ambassador to Sri Lanka witnessed the MoU signing at the INASCA Business Forum. This high-profile event highlights the partnership’s importance to the Indonesian coconut industry.

ISF will design advanced coconut processing plants for NICO COCO. These plants will feature automated solutions with AI and real-time management information. This collaboration aims to set new standards for efficiency and quality in Indonesia’s coconut processing.

ISF’s Innovative End-to-End Solutions for Coconut Processing

ISF leads the coconut processing industry with cutting-edge solutions. Based in Sri Lanka, this industrial engineering company has nearly 50 years of experience. ISF is a trusted partner for businesses aiming to optimize their coconut processing.

Nearly Five Decades of Industry Experience

ISF’s coconut processing expertise spans almost half a century. They develop innovative solutions for specific industry needs. Their knowledge has helped many businesses improve efficiency and streamline operations.

Automated Process Solutions Incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI)

ISF integrates AI-powered automated solutions into their end-to-end offerings. These technologies optimize production, reduce waste, and boost productivity. AI-driven systems provide real-time monitoring and control for quick process improvements.

Real-Time Management Information and Cost-Saving Measures

ISF’s solutions offer valuable real-time management data. This approach helps companies make informed decisions and identify areas for improvement. Businesses can cut manufacturing costs while maintaining high-quality standards using ISF’s expertise.

ISF’s partnership with NICO COCO, Indonesia’s top coconut products maker, is crucial. It aligns with ISF’s plan to grow in Southeast Asia. This collaboration will likely transform Indonesia’s coconut processing industry.

Sri Lanka’s ISF to Design Coconut Processing Plants for Indonesia’s NICO COCO

ISF Industries, a top Sri Lankan company, has signed a big deal with NICO COCO, Indonesia’s main coconut maker. This team-up aims to boost NICO COCO’s output and efficiency through ISF’s new plant designs. ISF is known for making great food processing gear.

ISF Industries has been a trusted name for nearly 50 years. They offer smart solutions for coconut and dairy processing firms. ISF uses AI for real-time info and cost-saving, ready to change how NICO COCO makes products.

This deal is a big step for ISF to grow in Southeast Asia. By making top-notch coconut plants for NICO COCO, ISF wants to show off its skills. They aim to make production better, cut costs, and bring in new tech.

This team-up will likely change Indonesia’s coconut industry for the better. It sets new bars for how well things work and how good they are. NICO COCO can now grow and get better with ISF’s help.

As NICO COCO updates its work, it can become an even bigger player. At the same time, ISF proves it’s the best at helping food makers in Southeast Asia.

Strategic Partnership to Enhance NICO COCO’s Production Capacity and Efficiency

ISF and NICO COCO are joining forces to transform Indonesia’s coconut processing industry. This partnership aims to boost production capacity and efficiency. It combines ISF’s expertise in automated plants with NICO COCO’s leading manufacturing position.

ISF Director Anjula Sivakumaran highlighted the partnership’s significance. She said, “We’re excited to work with NICO COCO, a key player in Indonesia’s coconut sector. Our cutting-edge designs will help ISF become a top solutions provider in Southeast Asia.”

NICO COCO COO Susanto Kusnadi expressed optimism about the collaboration. He stated, “ISF’s proven track record makes them ideal for our expansion project. We expect this partnership to drive our success and industry growth.”

ISF brings nearly 50 years of experience to the table. They specialize in AI-powered automated process solutions. NICO COCO will benefit from real-time management information and cost-saving measures.

This partnership is set to reshape Indonesia’s coconut processing sector. It will establish new standards for production capacity and operational efficiency.